[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guanxue-ming-cheng":3},{"slug":4,"topic":5,"name":6,"aliases":7,"school":8,"era":9,"glyph":12,"oneLiner":16,"summary":17,"tags":18,"infobox":23,"sections":36,"quotes":52,"related":78,"seo":89},"cheng","ming","诚",[],"ru",{"from":10,"to":11},-551,-221,{"ossKey":13,"caption":14,"link":15},"excavated\u002Fguodian\u002Fglyphs\u002F12\u002Fliude_36_18_7d13c1ce.jpg","郭店 · 六德 简36","\u002Fexcavated\u002Fguodian\u002Fliude","表里如一而能成己成物的真实","诚在先秦儒家中指真实无妄、言行相副并持续自我成就的德性；《孟子》重思诚与感通，《中庸》推为天道与人道，荀子则强调以诚养心。",[19,20,21,22],"真实","成己成物","天道","修身",[24,27,30,33],{"label":25,"value":26},"定义","真实无妄且言行相副",{"label":28,"value":29},"语源","由言语真实引申为德性",{"label":31,"value":32},"首出文献","《尚书》《诗经》已有诚实义",{"label":34,"value":35},"相对概念","伪饰、欺诈与妄言",[37,40,43,46,49],{"heading":38,"md":39},"定义与语源","诚是内心真实无妄、言行相副并能持续成就自己的德性。先秦“诚”首先有诚实、真实、不欺的语义，后来才更系统地被说明为心性与天道的原则。诚不是把所有内心念头原样说出，也不是拒绝权变；它要求人在动机、承诺和行动之间不故意制造虚假，并愿意让事实检验自己。\n\n诚与信相近而有别：信多指在交往中守约、使人可相信，诚则更强调行动者自身无妄、表里一致。一个人可以因一时承诺而取信，也可能内心并不诚；先秦儒家要求二者相互支撑，使言语可靠、行为稳定、修身有真实根基。",{"heading":41,"md":42},"经典文句中的展开","《孟子·离娄上》说“诚者，天之道也；思诚者，人之道也”，以天道的真实无妄说明人的修养方向。“思诚”不是等待自然流露，而是反复省察、去除自欺，使自己的选择逐渐与所知的义理相合。孟子接着说至诚能够感动人，不诚则不能动人，强调诚具有关系与政治上的感通作用。\n\n《礼记·中庸》把诚分为“诚者”与“诚之者”：前者是天道，后者是人的主动实践，并说“诚者，非自成己而已也，所以成物也”。诚因此并非封闭的内心纯洁，而是先成就自身，再帮助万物各得其宜；它必须在学习、择善、执守和待人中落实。",{"heading":44,"md":45},"孔孟荀异同","孔子虽少用“诚”作抽象本体，却反复要求主忠信、谨言慎行和“人而无信，不知其可也”。这些论述为诚提供了日用尺度：不欺人、不自欺，承诺要能践履，过错要能改正。孔子关注诚在交往和成德中的可见表现。\n\n孟子把诚提升为人道的自觉工夫。思诚意味着反求诸己、扩充善端，并在逆境中保持不失其本心；诚还与知言、养气相连，使道德判断不被利欲和偏见遮蔽。孟子所谓感通，不是神秘法术，而是长期真实行动足以取得人的信任。\n\n荀子在《不苟》等篇强调“君子养心莫善于诚”，把诚视为养心、立事的要领。相比孟子从本心和天道说明诚，荀子更重视学习、积习与礼义，使诚成为可通过工夫养成的稳定品质。三家都反对虚伪，差别在于孔子重实践表现，孟子重思诚与内在根据，荀子重养心与后天成就。",{"heading":47,"md":48},"诚与信、敬、仁义","诚与信、敬、仁义互相制约。诚使信不流于权术，使敬不只是外在恭敬；信把诚落实为可交往的承诺，敬则让真实表达仍有礼法分寸。若只强调“真性情”而不顾义，可能把偏私和冲动当诚；诚必须以义辨别应否，以仁避免伤害。\n\n诚还要求面对自己的不足。承认无知、接受劝谏和改过，并不损害诚，反而是去除自欺的表现。相反，维护虚假形象、以漂亮言辞遮蔽失德，正是先秦儒家所警惕的伪。诚不是固执不变，而是在真实基础上持续修正、使言行重新相称。",{"heading":50,"md":51},"后世流变","汉代以后，诚逐渐成为经学和修身论中的重要范畴；《礼记·中庸》的天道论述尤其影响后世心性解释。宋明儒学又把诚与天理、心体和工夫广泛贯通。后世理论虽更宏阔，先秦语境中的诚仍首先是无妄、守信、反求诸己并以真实行动成己成物。",[53,60,64,71],{"text":54,"source":55,"note":56,"classic":57},"诚者，天之道也；思诚者，人之道也。","《孟子·离娄上》","真实无妄是天道，人的修养则在于有意识地思求诚。",{"slug":58,"volume":59},"mengzi",7,{"text":61,"source":55,"note":62,"classic":63},"至诚而不动者，未之有也；不诚，未有能动者也。","孟子以诚与不诚说明真实德行对人的感通力量。",{"slug":58,"volume":59},{"text":65,"source":66,"note":67,"classic":68},"诚者，非自成己而已也，所以成物也。","《礼记·中庸》","诚不仅完成自身，也使人与物在关系中得到成就。",{"slug":69,"volume":70},"liji",31,{"text":72,"source":73,"note":74,"classic":75},"君子养心莫善于诚，致诚则无它事矣。","《荀子·不苟》","荀子把诚视为养心和立身的根本工夫。",{"slug":76,"volume":77},"xunzi",3,[79,81,83,85,87,88],{"topic":5,"slug":80},"xin",{"topic":5,"slug":82},"jing",{"topic":5,"slug":84},"ren",{"topic":5,"slug":86},"yi",{"topic":84,"slug":58},{"topic":84,"slug":76},{"title":90,"description":91,"keywords":92},"诚——从真实无妄到成己成物 | 儒家百科","先秦儒家所说的诚，既是诚实守信，也是反求诸己、表里相副的修身工夫。本文依据《孟子》《礼记·中庸》《荀子》说明诚与天道、信、仁义及成己成物的关系。",[6,93,94,95,20,96,97,98],"诚是什么意思","诚者天之道","思诚","君子养心莫善于诚","儒家修身","诚与信"]