[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guanxue-ren-fanchi":3},{"slug":4,"topic":5,"name":6,"aliases":7,"school":10,"era":11,"oneLiner":13,"summary":14,"tags":15,"infobox":20,"sections":40,"quotes":59,"related":83,"seo":96},"fanchi","ren","樊迟",[8,9],"樊须","子迟","ru",{"from":12},-515,"屡问仁知并关心稼圃的弟子","樊迟名须，字子迟，是孔门弟子。他多次向孔子问仁、问知，也曾请学稼圃；其问答把爱人、知人、敬与忠落实到日常行事。",[16,17,18,19],"孔门弟子","仁","知人","稼圃",[21,24,27,29,32,35,37],{"label":22,"value":23},"姓","樊",{"label":25,"value":26},"名","须",{"label":28,"value":9},"字",{"label":30,"value":31},"生卒","约前515—不详",{"label":33,"value":34},"国籍","鲁国（一说）",{"label":36,"value":16},"身份",{"label":38,"value":39},"师承","孔子",[41,44,47,50,53,56],{"heading":42,"md":43},"生平","樊迟，名须，字子迟，孔子弟子。《史记·仲尼弟子列传》称他少孔子三十六岁，据此约生于前515年；《孔子家语》却作少孔子四十六岁，生年只能存疑。其国籍也有鲁、齐等不同说法，后世小传多作鲁人。卒年与晚年行迹均无确证。",{"heading":45,"md":46},"师承与孔门","《论语》记樊迟从孔子受教的次数颇多。他曾替孔子驾车，追问孟懿子问孝时所谓“无违”的含义，听到“生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼”（《论语·为政》）。这一场景显示他不仅听取结论，还继续询问礼在生养、丧葬与祭祀中的落实。与他多次问仁、问知合看，樊迟在孔门中的特点是反复从简短答语追求可行的说明。",{"heading":48,"md":49},"主要事迹","《左传·哀公十一年》记鲁、齐交战时冉求统率左师，樊迟为车右。季孙嫌他年轻，冉求仍使其就列；一般认为此樊迟即孔门樊须，但同名识别仍应审慎。这则材料显示他可能有军旅实践。\n\n更著名的是他请学种谷、种菜。孔子先说自己不如老农、老圃，待樊迟退出后批评其所见偏小，转而说明在上位者好礼、好义、好信，民众自会归附（《论语·子路》）。这段话不是否认农业价值，而是区分农圃专门知识与孔子所教的政教责任。",{"heading":51,"md":52},"仁知之问","樊迟问仁，孔子有不同回答。《论语·颜渊》以“爱人”概括仁，以“知人”概括知，并进一步借举用正直者说明知人须落实为识人用人。《论语·子路》则答“居处恭，执事敬，与人忠”，把仁展开为起居、任事、交往中的稳定态度，即使到异域也不可丢弃。\n\n《论语·雍也》记孔子答知为“务民之义，敬鬼神而远之”，答仁为“先难而后获”。前者要求尽人事而对鬼神保持敬重与距离，后者要求先承担困难、不以获利为先。几组回答并非彼此抵牾，而是分别从对象、方法和实践次序说明仁知。",{"heading":54,"md":55},"文献中的形象","樊迟在《论语》中不是言论体系的创立者，而是不断发问、把教义引向实际情境的学习者。他问爱人也问知人，关心礼制也关心生产，材料呈现出贴近事务的一面。孔子斥其学稼为“小人”，此处主要针对志向与教育分工，不应据后世贬义把樊迟定为品行卑下。反过来，他的问题使孔子不得不说明德治与农业知识的边界，因而具有重要的文本作用。",{"heading":57,"md":58},"后世流变","樊迟后来进入孔庙从祀体系，历代孔门名录多以“先贤”尊称。后世阐释常以“爱人、知人”概括其问学，又围绕请学稼圃讨论儒者与生产知识的关系。若回到先秦语境，他的重要性不在形成独立学派，而在多次追问仁、知、孝与政教，使孔子的回答呈现由德目到行动的不同层次。",[60,67,73,79],{"text":61,"source":62,"note":63,"classic":64},"樊迟问仁。子曰：“爱人。”问知。子曰：“知人。”","《论语·颜渊》","孔子以爱人说明仁，以识别人说明知，回答简洁而指向人伦实践。",{"slug":65,"volume":66},"lunyu",12,{"text":68,"source":69,"note":70,"classic":71},"居处恭，执事敬，与人忠。虽之夷狄，不可弃也。","《论语·子路》","仁落实为平居恭谨、任事敬慎、待人尽心，并且在任何环境中都不放弃。",{"slug":65,"volume":72},13,{"text":74,"source":75,"note":76,"classic":77},"务民之义，敬鬼神而远之，可谓知矣。","《论语·雍也》","尽力承担对民众的责任，对鬼神敬而保持适当距离，可称为明智。",{"slug":65,"volume":78},6,{"text":80,"source":75,"note":81,"classic":82},"仁者先难而后获，可谓仁矣。","仁者先承担困难而后考虑收获，不把个人所得置于责任之前。",{"slug":65,"volume":78},[84,86,88,90,92,94],{"topic":5,"slug":85},"kongzi",{"topic":5,"slug":87},"ranqiu",{"topic":5,"slug":89},"zixia",{"topic":91,"slug":5},"ming",{"topic":91,"slug":93},"zhi",{"topic":91,"slug":95},"jing",{"title":97,"description":98,"keywords":99},"樊迟——问仁问知与请学稼圃的孔门弟子 | 儒家百科","樊迟是谁？本词条依据《论语》《左传》《史记》介绍樊须、子迟的生平，梳理他问仁、问知、为孔子御车及请学稼圃等事，并解释“爱人”“知人”与“敬鬼神而远之”。",[6,8,9,100,101,102,103,104],"樊迟问仁","樊迟问知","请学稼圃","爱人知人","孔子弟子"]