[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guanxue-ren-gongsunchou":3},{"slug":4,"topic":5,"name":6,"aliases":7,"school":8,"era":9,"oneLiner":13,"summary":14,"tags":15,"infobox":20,"sections":37,"quotes":56,"related":74,"seo":85},"gongsunchou","ren","公孙丑",[],"ru",{"from":10,"to":11,"label":12},-372,-289,"生卒不详，系于战国中期","引出知言养气之论的孟门弟子","公孙丑是孟子的重要弟子，主要活动于孟子居齐时期。《孟子》以其名题篇，他围绕王道功业、不动心、浩然之气和仕齐进退不断发问。",[16,17,18,19],"孟子弟子","战国儒家","浩然之气","王道",[21,23,26,29,31,34],{"label":22,"value":6},"姓名",{"label":24,"value":25},"生卒","不详",{"label":27,"value":28},"国籍","不详（主要活动于齐）",{"label":30,"value":16},"身份",{"label":32,"value":33},"师承","孟子",{"label":35,"value":36},"文献","《孟子·公孙丑上》《公孙丑下》",[38,41,44,47,50,53],{"heading":39,"md":40},"生平与师承","公孙丑的生卒、家世和籍贯均无确切记载。传统注释多称其为齐人，但《孟子》正文只能确证他与孟子在齐国政治情境中多次对话。他是孟子重要弟子，《公孙丑上》《公孙丑下》以其名题篇；篇中也有其他弟子和时人出场，故不能认为两篇全是他的个人记录。公孙丑的历史形象主要由问学活动构成。",{"heading":42,"md":43},"从管晏到王道","《公孙丑上》开篇设想孟子在齐国当政，公孙丑问能否再现管仲、晏子的功业。孟子没有顺着霸业尺度作答，而称自己愿学孔子，并以商汤、周文王的王道说明仁政潜力。公孙丑的提问贴近齐国人熟悉的政治典范，也使孟子得以区分霸者事功与以德行仁的王道。对话表明孟门教学始终面向战国现实，而非脱离政治的纯粹心性议论。",{"heading":45,"md":46},"不动心与浩然之气","公孙丑追问孟子四十不动心的根据，并比较告子、北宫黝、孟施舍、曾子等人的持守方式。孟子由此提出“知言”与“养浩然之气”。浩然之气至大至刚，却必须以直养，并由长期“集义”而生，不能靠一次正义行为袭取；揠苗助长正说明修养既不可放任，也不可强制求速。\n\n这段著名论述之所以层层展开，离不开公孙丑连续追问“何谓浩然之气”“何谓知言”。他在文本中不是提出独立学说的论敌，而是检验概念是否说得清楚的弟子。通过问答，志、气、言、义和不动心被连成一套道德实践，而不是神秘的身体力量。",{"heading":48,"md":49},"仕齐与进退之义","《公孙丑下》多记孟子在齐国的政治处境。孟子离齐居休时，公孙丑问“仕而不受禄”是否为古道，孟子解释自己本已有离意，只因齐国发生军事命令而暂不能请行，久留并非本志。公孙丑的问题使孟子说明接受职位、俸禄与保持去就自主之间的区别。篇中关于见诸侯、受馈赠、丧礼和离齐的讨论共同显示，士参与政治须符合礼义，不能只用是否在朝来判断。",{"heading":51,"md":52},"问学方法与思想位置","公孙丑善以比较设问：管仲与王道、告子与孟子、伯夷与柳下惠、俸禄与仕进，都是从相近事例中辨别原则。他的问题有时近于试探，有时追索定义，推动孟子把宏大主张落实为可分辨的尺度。公孙丑本人可确认的思想不多，但他保存了孟子性善论之外极重要的知言养气、王道和政治进退论述，是孟门问答结构中的关键人物。",{"heading":54,"md":55},"文献形象与后世流变","《孟子》中的公孙丑务实、好问，既关心齐国可见的功业，也关注师者内在修养，形象比单纯的记录者更有层次。不过，篇名来自后来的编次习惯，具体问答可能经过门人整理，不能据其先后重建完整年谱。后世《孟子》注疏和庙祀制度将公孙丑列为孟门高弟，其名也因“浩然之气”章长期受到关注。",[57,64,68],{"text":58,"source":59,"note":60,"classic":61},"公孙丑问曰：“夫子当路于齐，管仲、晏子之功，可复许乎？”","《孟子·公孙丑上》","公孙丑以齐国名臣的功业发问，引出孟子对霸业与王道的区分。",{"slug":62,"volume":63},"mengzi",3,{"text":65,"source":59,"note":66,"classic":67},"敢问夫子恶乎长？曰：“我知言，我善养吾浩然之气。”","公孙丑追问孟子所长，孟子以辨言和养气作答。",{"slug":62,"volume":63},{"text":69,"source":70,"note":71,"classic":72},"公孙丑问曰：“仕而不受禄，古之道乎？”","《孟子·公孙丑下》","公孙丑询问任职而不受俸禄是否合乎古道，促使孟子解释其离齐之志。",{"slug":62,"volume":73},4,[75,76,78,80,83],{"topic":5,"slug":62},{"topic":5,"slug":77},"wanzhang",{"topic":5,"slug":79},"gaozi",{"topic":81,"slug":82},"ming","zhiyan-yangqi",{"topic":81,"slug":84},"wangdao-badao",{"title":86,"description":87,"keywords":88},"公孙丑——问出浩然之气的孟子弟子 | 儒家百科","公孙丑是谁？本词条介绍他与孟子的师生问答，梳理管仲晏子与王道之辨、不动心、知言养气以及仕齐不受禄等问题，说明《公孙丑》篇中的人物形象及后世影响。",[6,16,89,90,18,91,19],"公孙丑上","公孙丑下","知言养气"]