[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guanxue-ren-nangongkuo":3},{"slug":4,"topic":5,"name":6,"aliases":7,"school":9,"era":10,"oneLiner":14,"summary":15,"tags":16,"infobox":21,"sections":41,"quotes":60,"related":87,"seo":101},"nangongkuo","ren","南宫适",[8],"南容","ru",{"from":11,"to":12,"label":13},-551,-479,"生卒不详，系于孔门时代","慎言自守而崇尚德行的弟子","南宫适即《论语》所称南容，是孔门弟子。他反复诵读“白圭”诗句以慎言，又以羿奡和禹稷对举，受到孔子“尚德”的称许。",[17,18,19,20],"孔门弟子","慎言","尚德","诗教",[22,25,28,30,33,36,38],{"label":23,"value":24},"姓","南宫",{"label":26,"value":27},"名","适（一作括、縚）",{"label":29,"value":8},"别称",{"label":31,"value":32},"生卒","不详",{"label":34,"value":35},"国籍","鲁国（一说）",{"label":37,"value":17},"身份",{"label":39,"value":40},"师承","孔子",[42,45,48,51,54,57],{"heading":43,"md":44},"生平与名实","南宫适，通常读作南宫括，《论语》又称南容，生卒不详。今本《史记·仲尼弟子列传》作“南宫括字子容”，《孔子家语》则作南宫縚，名与字存在异文。多数传统注家把《论语》中的南容、南宫适视为同一位孔子弟子，也有研究者因名称和家族线索复杂而持保留意见。本词条依目录沿用“南宫适”，不把具体世系坐实。",{"heading":46,"md":47},"师承与孔门","《论语》没有记南宫适入门经过，却三次以孔子的高度评价标识其人。孔子说他在邦有道时不会被弃置，在无道时又能免于刑戮，并把兄长的女儿嫁给他（《论语·公冶长》）。这不是教人无原则避祸，而是肯定他既可在清明政治中任用，又能在乱世守住分寸、不因妄言妄行罹祸。",{"heading":49,"md":50},"三复白圭","《论语·先进》说“南容三复白圭，孔子以其兄之子妻之”。“白圭”指《诗经·大雅·抑》的诗句：“白圭之玷，尚可磨也；斯言之玷，不可为也。”白玉的瑕疵尚能磨去，失当之言却难以收回。南容反复诵习，说明他把《诗》当作反省与践行的规范。\n\n孔子据此以侄女妻之，与《公冶长》篇的记载相合。婚配叙事在《论语》中承担人物品评的功能：孔子不是只赞其口头懂诗，而是相信他能以慎言保持品行。",{"heading":52,"md":53},"尚德之问","《论语·宪问》记南宫适列举两组古人：羿善射、奡能荡舟，却都不得善终；禹、稷亲自从事稼穑，却有天下。孔子当时不答，待他退出后赞叹“君子哉若人！尚德哉若人！”南宫适没有直接提出抽象命题，而以历史成败对照勇力与德行。\n\n这段话不必解释为凡有力量者必败，也不是用结局简单证明道德；其重点在反对把射御勇力视为取得和保有天下的充分根据。禹、稷的躬行与功德，才是南宫适关注的政治尺度。",{"heading":55,"md":56},"文献中的形象","南宫适在《论语》中发言很少，却由慎言、处世和尚德三个侧面构成一贯形象。“三复白圭”重言语责任，“邦无道免于刑戮”重进退分寸，羿奡、禹稷之问则重德胜于力。孔子两次以婚配表达信任，又在他离开后称为君子，使赞许更显郑重。\n\n《史记》把三章材料合并成小传，便于理解，但没有增加可确证的独立事迹。至于他是否就是鲁国孟氏人物南宫敬叔，古今说法不一，不宜据姓名相近径行等同。",{"heading":58,"md":59},"后世流变","南宫适后来进入孔庙从祀体系，后世孔门传记多以慎言、尚德和善处乱世概括他。理学家尤其重视“三复白圭”所显示的言语工夫，但不宜把后起的心性体系全数加诸本人。回到先秦文本，他是一位以《诗》约束言语、以历史比较辨明德力轻重，并能在治乱之间守住分寸的孔门弟子。",[61,68,74,81],{"text":62,"source":63,"note":64,"classic":65},"邦有道，不废；邦无道，免于刑戮。","《论语·公冶长》","孔子称南容在清明之世能被任用，在乱世也能守住分寸而免遭刑戮。",{"slug":66,"volume":67},"lunyu",5,{"text":69,"source":70,"note":71,"classic":72},"南容三复白圭，孔子以其兄之子妻之。","《论语·先进》","南容反复诵读告诫慎言的白圭诗句，孔子因此把兄长的女儿嫁给他。",{"slug":66,"volume":73},11,{"text":75,"source":76,"note":77,"classic":78},"白圭之玷，尚可磨也；斯言之玷，不可为也。","《诗经·大雅·抑》","白玉有瑕尚可磨去，言语一旦失当却难以挽回，强调慎言。",{"slug":79,"volume":80},"shijing",26,{"text":82,"source":83,"note":84,"classic":85},"君子哉若人！尚德哉若人！","《论语·宪问》","孔子赞许南宫适由羿奡与禹稷的对比看出德行高于勇力。",{"slug":66,"volume":86},14,[88,90,92,95,97,99],{"topic":5,"slug":89},"kongzi",{"topic":5,"slug":91},"simaniu",{"topic":93,"slug":94},"ming","shendu",{"topic":93,"slug":96},"yong",{"topic":93,"slug":98},"li",{"topic":5,"slug":100},"gongyechang",{"title":102,"description":103,"keywords":104},"南宫适——南容三复白圭与尚德之问 | 儒家百科","南宫适是谁？本词条依据《论语》《史记》辨析南容、南宫括等异名，梳理“三复白圭”、孔子以兄女妻之及羿奡禹稷之问，说明其在孔门中的慎言自守与尚德形象。",[6,8,105,49,106,19,107],"南宫括","白圭之玷","孔子弟子"]