[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guanxue-ren-wanzhang":3},{"slug":4,"topic":5,"name":6,"aliases":7,"school":8,"era":9,"oneLiner":13,"summary":14,"tags":15,"infobox":20,"sections":36,"quotes":55,"related":73,"seo":84},"wanzhang","ren","万章",[],"ru",{"from":10,"to":11,"label":12},-372,-289,"生卒不详，系于战国中期","以追问古史义理著称的孟门弟子","万章是孟子的重要弟子，生平不详。《孟子》以其名题篇，借他对尧舜禅让、伊尹出处、交友与仕进的连续发问，展开历史叙事中的道德判断。",[16,17,18,19],"孟子弟子","战国儒家","古史辨义","师生问答",[21,23,26,28,30,33],{"label":22,"value":6},"姓名",{"label":24,"value":25},"生卒","不详",{"label":27,"value":25},"国籍",{"label":29,"value":16},"身份",{"label":31,"value":32},"师承","孟子",{"label":34,"value":35},"文献","《孟子·万章上》《万章下》",[37,40,43,46,49,52],{"heading":38,"md":39},"生平与师承","万章的籍贯、生卒与家世均无可靠记录，其可确认身份主要来自《孟子》中的师生问答。他频繁向孟子发问，内容涉及尧舜、禹、伊尹、周公、孔子等古人，也涉及友道、馈赠、仕进和君臣关系，显示他是孟门中承担系统追问的重要弟子。《史记·孟子荀卿列传》称孟子退而与万章之徒整理《诗》《书》、述仲尼之意；这说明后世把他视作《孟子》编纂群体核心人物，但全书具体由谁撰定仍有争议。",{"heading":41,"md":42},"追问尧舜古史","《万章上》多从流行传说起问。万章问“尧以天下与舜”是否属实，孟子回答天子不能私相授受天下，舜之得天下还要经过天意与民心的认可。谈舜与父亲瞽瞍、弟象的关系时，万章不断指出叙事中的伦理难题，孟子则力图说明舜在受害处境中仍不失亲亲之恩。这些回答不是现代史学考证，而是借古史辨明权力正当性与孝、义的边界。",{"heading":44,"md":45},"辨析圣贤出处","万章又询问伊尹是否靠割烹求见商汤、孔子是否曾住在不贤者家中，以及百里奚是否自卖求仕。孟子反复否定以屈辱手段猎取富贵的解释，强调古之贤者在出处进退上自有道义。此类问答保存了战国时代关于圣贤的多种传闻，也显示孟子学派如何改释故事。其历史细节未必都能与其他文献互证，不能把孟子的义理裁断直接当作事件实录。",{"heading":47,"md":48},"友道、交际与论世","《万章下》的问题转向现实伦理。孟子对万章说，交友应“友其德”，不挟仗年龄、地位或兄弟势力；从一乡、一国到天下的善士，交友范围可以不断扩大，仍不足时还可诵其诗、读其书并考察其时代，即所谓“尚友”古人。对于国君馈赠和士人受禄，孟子也区分礼是否合宜、职位是否尽责。万章的发问使抽象的仁义落实到交往礼节和政治选择。",{"heading":50,"md":51},"问学方式与思想意义","万章在文本中少有长篇自陈，意义主要体现在提问。他常以“人有言”引入异说，既代表读者提出疑点，也迫使孟子面对古代典范内部的冲突。问答由事实真假进到价值解释，再回到士人的处境，构成《孟子》论证的重要方法。由此可见，孟门教学并非只背诵结论，而重视诘问、辨析与在具体关系中衡量道义。",{"heading":53,"md":54},"文献形象与后世流变","《孟子》塑造的万章勤问而能承接复杂论题，是孟子思想得以展开的关键对话者；但文本由学派传承编成，他的原话和编者安排不易完全分开。后世注疏常把万章列为孟门高弟，并因篇名而提升其地位，部分庙祀制度又将其列入从祀。除这些尊崇外，可用于补充其个人生平的独立材料仍很有限。",[56,63,67],{"text":57,"source":58,"note":59,"classic":60},"万章曰：“尧以天下与舜，有诸？”孟子曰：“否。天子不能以天下与人。”","《孟子·万章上》","万章追问禅让，孟子否认天下是天子可以私自转赠之物。",{"slug":61,"volume":62},"mengzi",9,{"text":64,"source":58,"note":65,"classic":66},"万章问曰：“人有言：‘伊尹以割烹要汤。’有诸？”孟子曰：“否，不然。”","万章以流行传闻求证，孟子否认伊尹靠烹调取悦商汤以求仕。",{"slug":61,"volume":62},{"text":68,"source":69,"note":70,"classic":71},"以友天下之善士为未足，又尚论古之人。颂其诗，读其书，不知其人，可乎？是以论其世也。","《孟子·万章下》","孟子告诫万章，读古人诗书还须考察其时代，才能理解其人。",{"slug":61,"volume":72},10,[74,75,77,79,82],{"topic":5,"slug":61},{"topic":5,"slug":76},"gongsunchou",{"topic":5,"slug":78},"yuezhengke",{"topic":80,"slug":81},"ming","yi",{"topic":80,"slug":83},"tianming",{"title":85,"description":86,"keywords":87},"万章——追问尧舜与圣贤出处的孟子弟子 | 儒家百科","万章是谁？本词条依据《孟子·万章上》《万章下》，介绍万章与孟子的师生关系，梳理他对尧舜禅让、伊尹出处、交友与仕进的追问，并辨析其参与《孟子》编纂的传统说法。",[6,16,88,89,90,91,92],"万章上","万章下","尧舜禅让","伊尹","尚友古人"]