[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guanxue-ren-youzi":3},{"slug":4,"topic":5,"name":6,"aliases":7,"school":9,"era":10,"oneLiner":14,"summary":15,"tags":16,"infobox":21,"sections":39,"quotes":58,"related":83,"seo":96},"youzi","ren","有子",[8],"有若","ru",{"from":11,"to":12,"label":13},-551,-479,"生卒不详，系于孔门时代","孔门重孝悌礼和的弟子","有子名有若，是孔门重要弟子，其言论多见于《论语·学而》，重视孝悌、礼与和。孔子去世后，他一度因形貌近似孔子而被同门推尊。",[17,18,19,20],"孔门弟子","孝悌","礼","民本",[22,25,28,31,34,36],{"label":23,"value":24},"姓","有",{"label":26,"value":27},"名","若",{"label":29,"value":30},"生卒","不详",{"label":32,"value":33},"国籍","鲁国（传统说）",{"label":35,"value":17},"身份",{"label":37,"value":38},"师承","孔子",[40,43,46,49,52,55],{"heading":41,"md":42},"生平","有子，名若，春秋末年孔子弟子，生卒与具体行迹都缺少可靠记录。《史记·仲尼弟子列传》记其年龄，但传本有“少孔子十三岁”“四十三岁”等异文，难据以确定生年，因此不宜采用后世排定的生卒年。传统多称其为鲁人，早期核心文献对此也未提供足够细节。现存材料中的有子，主要以《论语》中的发言者和孔子身后的重要门人出现。",{"heading":44,"md":45},"师承与孔门","《论语》尊称他为“有子”，与曾子同为书中少数以“子”称呼的孔门弟子，反映其在传述群体中的地位。《孟子·滕文公上》说，孔子去世、门人服丧之后，子夏、子张、子游因有若“似圣人”，想用事奉孔子的方式事奉他，并勉强曾子赞同；曾子以孔子德行不可企及而拒绝。这段战国追述说明有若一度受到同门推重，却不能据此说他继承了孔子的师位。",{"heading":47,"md":48},"主要事迹","有子最具体的政治问答见《论语·颜渊》。鲁哀公因年成饥歉、国用不足而问策，有若建议恢复“彻”法。哀公担心征收已重仍不够用，有若回答：“百姓足，君孰与不足？百姓不足，君孰与足？”“彻”的具体制度及当时税率，历来解释不一；但答语的方向清楚，即君用不能脱离民生，厚敛若使百姓困乏，也不能真正充实国家。\n\n《孟子·公孙丑上》又保存有若推尊孔子的言论，以麒麟、凤凰、泰山、河海为喻，称孔子“出于其类，拔乎其萃”。这是战国儒者理解孔门声望的重要材料。",{"heading":50,"md":51},"思想主张","有子的思想首先落在亲亲实践。他说孝顺父母、敬爱兄长的人很少喜好犯上，君子应当“务本”，并以孝悌为“仁之本”。这里的“本”可理解为仁德实践的起点，并非把仁缩减为家庭服从；从亲近关系中养成敬爱，才可能向外推展。\n\n他又说“礼之用，和为贵”，但紧接着警告，若只为求和而求和，不用礼来节制，同样行不通。礼提供关系与行为的分寸，和是礼在交往中达成的协调，二者不能割裂。另有“信近于义，言可复也；恭近于礼，远耻辱也”一章，强调守信须接近义，恭敬须接近礼：德行不是孤立口号，必须由义与礼校正。结合答哀公之问，可见有子既谈日常伦理，也关心赋税与民生，但现有材料不足以重建一套完整学说。",{"heading":53,"md":54},"文献中的形象","《论语》中的有子言辞平稳而有层次：从孝悌说到仁之本，从和说到礼的节制，从国用说到百姓之足，常以关系中的根本与分寸作判断。《孟子》一面把他列入“智足以知圣人”的门人，一面记同门未让他替代孔子，构成敬重与限度并存的形象。至于《史记》所载同门奉他为师、因问难不能答而请他离座的故事，与《孟子》版本并不相同，应视为孔子身后传说的不同层次，不可拼合成确定史实。",{"heading":56,"md":57},"后世流变","有若后来进入孔庙从祀体系，历代获得封号，明代祀典称“先贤有子”。后世论者多从孝悌为本、礼和相济和民足君足三方面阐释他，也有人据汉代目录中的有氏传承推测其学派影响。此类祀典与学派追溯属于后世发展；就先秦材料而言，他首先是孔门中能以简要命题说明伦理次序与民生关系的重要弟子。",[59,66,70,76],{"text":60,"source":61,"note":62,"classic":63},"君子务本，本立而道生。孝弟也者，其为仁之本与！","《论语·学而》","君子致力于根本，孝顺父母、敬爱兄长是践行仁德的起点。",{"slug":64,"volume":65},"lunyu",1,{"text":67,"source":61,"note":68,"classic":69},"礼之用，和为贵。先王之道斯为美，小大由之。","礼的施行重在达成协调，但下文同时强调和必须受礼节制。",{"slug":64,"volume":65},{"text":71,"source":72,"note":73,"classic":74},"百姓足，君孰与不足？百姓不足，君孰与足？","《论语·颜渊》","国家财用以百姓生计为基础，不能靠使民众困乏来求充足。",{"slug":64,"volume":75},12,{"text":77,"source":78,"note":79,"classic":80},"出于其类，拔乎其萃，自生民以来，未有盛于孔子也。","《孟子·公孙丑上》","有若称孔子超出同类、卓然出众，表达对老师的高度推尊。",{"slug":81,"volume":82},"mengzi",3,[84,86,88,91,93,95],{"topic":5,"slug":85},"kongzi",{"topic":5,"slug":87},"zengzi",{"topic":89,"slug":90},"ming","xiao",{"topic":89,"slug":92},"ti",{"topic":89,"slug":94},"li",{"topic":89,"slug":5},{"title":97,"description":98,"keywords":99},"有子——有若的孝悌、礼和与民生思想 | 儒家百科","有子是谁？本词条依据《论语》《孟子》《史记》梳理有若的孔门地位、孝悌为仁之本、礼之用和为贵、百姓足而君足等言论，并辨析孔子去世后同门推尊他的不同记载。",[6,8,100,101,102,103,104],"有子是谁","孝悌为仁之本","礼之用和为贵","百姓足君孰与不足","孔子弟子"]