[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guanxue-ren-zengdian":3},{"slug":4,"topic":5,"name":6,"aliases":7,"school":9,"era":10,"oneLiner":14,"summary":15,"tags":16,"infobox":21,"sections":45,"quotes":64,"related":87,"seo":101},"zengdian","ren","曾点",[8],"曾皙","ru",{"from":11,"to":12,"label":13},-551,-479,"生卒不详，系于孔门时代","以浴沂舞雩之志见许于孔子","曾点又称曾皙，是孔子弟子、曾参之父。他在孔门言志时描绘暮春浴沂、风舞雩、咏而归的生活图景，得到孔子“吾与点也”的赞许。",[17,18,19,20],"孔门弟子","言志","礼乐","曾子之父",[22,25,28,31,34,37,39,42],{"label":23,"value":24},"姓","曾",{"label":26,"value":27},"名","点",{"label":29,"value":30},"字","皙",{"label":32,"value":33},"生卒","不详",{"label":35,"value":36},"国籍","鲁国（传统说）",{"label":38,"value":17},"身份",{"label":40,"value":41},"亲属","曾参之父",{"label":43,"value":44},"师承","孔子",[46,49,52,55,58,61],{"heading":47,"md":48},"生平","曾点，字皙，文献中也写作曾蒧、曾皙，春秋末年孔子弟子。其生卒、仕履皆不可确考，传统称鲁人。《孟子·尽心下》说“曾皙嗜羊枣，而曾子不忍食羊枣”，明确把他与曾子置于父子关系中；《史记·仲尼弟子列传》也将曾蒧列入孔门。除此以外，可靠的个人材料很少，不能把后世关于曾氏学脉的成就倒推为曾点本人的思想。",{"heading":50,"md":51},"师承与孔门","曾点在孔门最重要的出场，见《论语·先进》的“侍坐言志”。当时子路、曾皙、冉有、公西华陪侍孔子，孔子让他们不必顾虑自己年长，各自说明若被任用将做什么。子路志在治千乘之国，冉有愿理方圆小国之政，公西华愿学宗庙会同之礼；曾点则在一旁鼓瑟。孔子逐一追问，曾点最后作答。这一安排使他的言志与三位同门的政事、礼仪抱负形成鲜明对照。",{"heading":53,"md":54},"主要事迹","轮到曾点时，他弹瑟的声音渐稀，铿然一声放下乐器，起身说自己的志向不同于三人。孔子表示言志无妨，他便描绘暮春换上春服，与五六位成人、六七名童子到沂水边沐浴，在舞雩台上迎风，唱着歌归来。孔子喟然叹道：“吾与点也！”\n\n这段叙事的细节都服务于人物性情：曾点不争先作答，始终以音乐在场；起身后先说明差异，得到允许才陈述。至于“浴乎沂”是普通沐浴，还是带有上巳祓除或雩祭背景，历来解释不一。文本没有明说祭仪，稳妥的理解应同时保留暮春出游、礼乐活动与群体生活的意味。",{"heading":56,"md":57},"思想主张","曾点没有留下独立论著，其思想只能从言志中谨慎体会。他所说的不是个人避世：同行者包含冠者与童子，有清楚的长幼组合；地点涉及沂水和舞雩，活动以咏歌结束，带有礼乐共同体的色彩。与子路等人的治国方案相比，他没有谈军政规模和官位，而把理想落实在时令得宜、长幼相从、身体舒展与歌声和谐的日常秩序中。\n\n孔子为何“与点”，文本并未给出解释。可以说孔子欣赏其从容气象，也可以认为这幅图景呈现政治有成以后民众安乐的结果；另有看法强调雩祭、礼乐教化或孔子当时的出处心境。这些解释可以并列，不能把一句赞许扩写成确定的玄学境界。曾点的意义，正在以具体可感的生活画面，为孔门“志”提供了不同于直接从政的表达。",{"heading":59,"md":60},"文献中的形象","《论语》只用一场对话，便写出曾点的音乐修养、从容仪态和独特志趣。他的回答最短于制度规划，却最富场景感；孔子的叹息又使其含义保持开放。《史记》基本沿袭这一段落，并没有补出完整生平。《孟子》所记嗜食羊枣，则保存了一个生活化侧面，并借曾子在父亲死后不忍再食说明亲情记忆。两类材料一公一私：前者使曾点成为孔门言志的代表，后者让后人看见他作为父亲留在曾参记忆中的痕迹。",{"heading":62,"md":63},"后世流变","曾点后来列入孔门从祀，祀典名位与其子曾参有所区别。宋明以来，解释者常以“曾点气象”概括浴沂风雩章中的从容与和乐，并把它纳入更成熟的心性论；这些术语属于后世阐释。回到先秦文本，曾点的核心形象仍是以一幅长幼同游、礼乐相和的暮春图景表达其志，并获孔子赞同的弟子。",[65,72,76,80],{"text":66,"source":67,"note":68,"classic":69},"鼓瑟希，铿尔，舍瑟而作，对曰：“异乎三子者之撰。”","《论语·先进》","曾点放下瑟起身，说明自己的志向不同于先前发言的三人。",{"slug":70,"volume":71},"lunyu",11,{"text":73,"source":67,"note":74,"classic":75},"莫春者，春服既成，冠者五六人，童子六七人，浴乎沂，风乎舞雩，咏而归。","他向往暮春时长幼相伴，在沂水与舞雩一带从容游息、歌咏而归。",{"slug":70,"volume":71},{"text":77,"source":67,"note":78,"classic":79},"夫子喟然叹曰：“吾与点也！”","孔子叹息着表示赞同曾点的志向，但没有进一步说明理由。",{"slug":70,"volume":71},{"text":81,"source":82,"note":83,"classic":84},"曾皙嗜羊枣，而曾子不忍食羊枣。","《孟子·尽心下》","曾点喜食羊枣，曾参在父亲去世后因追念而不忍再吃。",{"slug":85,"volume":86},"mengzi",14,[88,90,92,94,96,98],{"topic":5,"slug":89},"kongzi",{"topic":5,"slug":91},"zengzi",{"topic":5,"slug":93},"zilu",{"topic":5,"slug":95},"ranqiu",{"topic":5,"slug":97},"gongxihua",{"topic":99,"slug":100},"ming","liyue",{"title":102,"description":103,"keywords":104},"曾点——浴沂风雩与“吾与点也” | 儒家百科","曾点是谁，孔子为何说“吾与点也”？本词条依据《论语》《孟子》《史记》介绍曾皙与曾参的父子关系、侍坐言志、浴乎沂风乎舞雩的原文语境，并并列说明礼乐、出游等解释。",[6,8,105,106,107,108,109],"吾与点也","浴乎沂风乎舞雩","曾点言志","曾子父亲","孔子弟子"]