[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"guanxue-ren-zilu":3},{"slug":4,"topic":5,"name":6,"aliases":7,"school":10,"era":11,"oneLiner":14,"summary":15,"tags":16,"infobox":21,"sections":43,"quotes":62,"related":88,"seo":102},"zilu","ren","子路",[8,9],"仲由","季路","ru",{"from":12,"to":13},-542,-480,"以勇直任事见称的孔门政事高足","子路即仲由，是孔门政事科高足，以勇敢、直率、守信和敏于行动著称。他长期随侍孔子，也因勇有余而学不足屡受师长裁正，最终死于卫国内乱。",[17,18,19,20],"孔门十哲","政事","勇","忠信",[22,25,28,31,34,37,40],{"label":23,"value":24},"姓","仲",{"label":26,"value":27},"名","由",{"label":29,"value":30},"字","子路，一称季路",{"label":32,"value":33},"生卒","约前542—前480",{"label":35,"value":36},"国籍","鲁国",{"label":38,"value":39},"身份","孔门十哲·政事科",{"label":41,"value":42},"师承","孔子",[44,47,50,53,56,59],{"heading":45,"md":46},"生平","子路，姓仲名由，字子路，又称季路，鲁国卞人。《史记·仲尼弟子列传》称他少孔子九岁，据此通常系生年于前542年；其卒于卫庄公元年的内乱，约当前480年。子路较早从游，常伴孔子周行列国，既参与问学，也实际出仕。《论语》可见他参与鲁、卫政治活动；《史记》又记其为季氏宰、治蒲及为孔悝邑宰，具体官职多赖后出的传记材料，宜分别看待。",{"heading":48,"md":49},"师承与孔门","《论语·先进》将冉有、季路列入“政事”科。子路年长于多数同门，敢于当面质疑孔子：孔子见南子、欲应公山弗扰或佛肸之召，他都表示不满。这种直率使师生问答格外有张力。孔子并不压抑其行动力，而是反复以礼、义和学习加以节制。同样问“闻斯行诸”，孔子鼓励退缩的冉求，却因子路“兼人”而劝他先顾父兄，正显示因材施教。",{"heading":51,"md":52},"主要事迹","子路随孔子旅行时，曾向长沮、桀溺问津，又遇荷蓧丈人；这些《论语·微子》的片段，让他直接面对隐者对孔门入世选择的质疑。出仕以后，他以果断任事和守诺见称，孔子说能凭片言断狱者大概就是仲由，编者随即补记“子路无宿诺”。\n\n卫国内乱时，子路赶回孔氏家臣孔悝处，终于遇害。《左传·哀公十五年》记其死于蒯聩入卫之变；《史记》增写“君子死而冠不免”、结缨而死等细节。其赴难有早期史事依据，临终言行则以《史记》叙述最完整。",{"heading":54,"md":55},"思想主张","子路的思想不是成套论说，而突出表现为闻道即行、重信守义。《论语》称他听到教诲而尚未实行时，唯恐又听见新的，赞其急于实践。他问政，孔子答“先之，劳之”，即执政者先行并勤劳于民；再问则答“无倦”，将政事落实为长期躬行。\n\n勇也是子路不断追问的德目。孔子肯定他的勇，却警告勇若脱离义，君子会作乱，小人会为盗；又以“六言六蔽”说明好勇而不好学，其蔽在乱。因此，子路形象所显示的并非勇本身足以成德，而是勇须受义、礼与学的方向约束。",{"heading":57,"md":58},"文献中的形象","《论语》中的子路爽直、急切而可亲。他敢率尔回答政治志向，也会被孔子哂笑；他能治千乘之国的军赋，孔子却不轻许其仁；他穿破旧絮袍与衣狐貉者并立而不以为耻，显示不受贫富外观牵动。孔子说他“升堂矣，未入于室也”，既承认造诣，也保留距离；又担心他“不得其死然”，似已看见刚勇性格的风险。赞许与警策并存，使子路不只是殉难忠臣，更是一位在行动中不断受教的学习者。",{"heading":60,"md":61},"后世流变","秦汉以后，子路逐渐进入孔庙从祀与孔门十哲的固定序列，历代累有封号，明代祭孔名号体系中称“先贤仲子”。孝子负米、结缨赴难等故事广泛流传，使其形象日益集中于孝、忠、勇。若回到先秦文献，子路的意义还在勇与义、果断与审慎之间的张力：他并非一味尚勇，而是在孔子反复裁正中学习让勇直合于礼义。",[63,70,76,82],{"text":64,"source":65,"note":66,"classic":67},"子路有闻，未之能行，唯恐有闻。","《论语·公冶长》","子路听到教诲后急于落实，尚未做到便怕又听见新的。",{"slug":68,"volume":69},"lunyu",5,{"text":71,"source":72,"note":73,"classic":74},"片言可以折狱者，其由也与？子路无宿诺。","《论语·颜渊》","孔子许其决断可信，编者又以不拖延承诺说明其守信。",{"slug":68,"volume":75},12,{"text":77,"source":78,"note":79,"classic":80},"君子义以为上。君子有勇而无义为乱，小人有勇而无义为盗。","《论语·阳货》","勇必须以义为最高准则，否则反会造成祸乱。",{"slug":68,"volume":81},17,{"text":83,"source":84,"note":85,"classic":86},"子路问政。子曰：“先之，劳之。”请益。曰：“无倦。”","《论语·子路》","为政者应率先劳作，并持久不懈地尽责。",{"slug":68,"volume":87},13,[89,91,93,95,98,100],{"topic":5,"slug":90},"kongzi",{"topic":5,"slug":92},"ranqiu",{"topic":5,"slug":94},"zigong",{"topic":96,"slug":97},"ming","yong",{"topic":96,"slug":99},"yi",{"topic":96,"slug":101},"xin",{"title":103,"description":104,"keywords":105},"子路——仲由的勇直、政事与卫国之死 | 儒家百科","子路是谁、怎么死的？本词条依据《论语》《左传》《史记》介绍仲由的生平、孔门政事科地位、问政与守诺，并辨析勇而有义、闻而即行及结缨赴难的文献层次。",[6,8,9,106,17,107,108,109],"子路怎么死的","孔门政事科","结缨而死","勇而有义"]