This paper examines the physical underpinnings of pre-Qin theories of *qi*, positing *qi* as a unified abstraction of matter, energy, and information. By analyzing texts such as those by Zhuangzi and Laozi, it reveals a cognitive revolution within pre-Qin thought, transitioning from mysticism towards naturalistic rationality and redefining the core value and scientific significance of *qi* in cosmology and life sciences.

This article offers an in-depth interpretation of Xiaoman (Grain Full), one of the twenty-four solar terms, drawing on pre-Qin Confucian and Daoist philosophy, philology, astronomy, and phenology. Through the etymology of "full yet not overflowing," and the phenological signs of bitter herbs flourishing and wheat's autumn arriving, it reveals the deep meaning behind why the twenty-four solar terms include a "small fullness" (Xiaoman) but no "great fullness"—illuminating the ancient Chinese wisdom of guarding against excess, prizing humility, of loss following fullness and gain following modesty, of completeness found even in imperfection, and the venerable cosmology of the unity of Heaven and humanity.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of Lixia (the Beginning of Summer) through the lenses of pre-Qin Confucian and Daoist philosophy, etymological roots, and astronomical observation, elucidating its significance as the critical juncture where the cosmic momentum shifts from "birth" to "growth." By examining the evolution of the character "xia" (夏) and the movement of the star Antares, the study reveals the profound wisdom behind the ancient mandate of "respectfully bestowing the seasons" and the harmonious worldview of unity between humanity and the cosmos.

This article delves into the system of auspiciousness and misfortune within the 384 line statements of the Zhouyi, focusing on the deeper meaning of 'ji' (auspiciousness), and through a thorough survey and comparison of 'yuanji' (supremely auspicious) and other high-grade auspicious judgments, seeks to identify the most auspicious line in the Zhouyi and reveal the philosophical wisdom and practical guidance it embodies.

This article takes as its core text the 'Ox Mountain' chapter from the Gaozi section of the Mengzi, and draws upon a wide range of pre-Qin philosophical sources to analyze the argumentative structure for innate human goodness, the mechanisms by which external forces damage the heart-mind, and the philosophical foundations and cultivation methods of the theory of innate goodness.

Drawing on pre-Qin Confucian and Daoist thought, etymology, astronomy, and phenology, this article offers an in-depth reading of Mangzhong (Grain in Ear), the ninth of the twenty-four solar terms. It reveals the farming-time philosophy behind the folk saying "Mangzhong is busy sowing," examines the phenomena of the praying mantis emerging and the shrike beginning to cry at solar longitude seventy-five degrees, and unfolds how the Gou hexagram's "first stirring of yin" marks a cosmic turning point at the very height of yang—inviting readers into the ancient wisdom of racing against time and revering the seasons as one reveres the divine.