This article provides a rigorous exegesis of the *Analects* passage regarding Zang Wenzhong’s "usurpation of position," utilizing philological analysis and historical contextualization to examine the political ethics underlying his failure to promote the virtuous Liuxia Hui. By synthesizing evidence from the *Zuo Zhuan* and the *Records of the Grand Historian*, the study elucidates Confucius's profound discourse on the legitimacy of political authority and the moral imperatives of personnel selection.

Reading the tilting-vessel chapter of Xunzi's "Youzuo" word by word, purely through the lens of pre-Qin Confucian and Daoist classics. From the threefold meaning of the character 宥 (you), the political allegory of Duke Huan of Lu's ancestral temple, the two kinds of emptiness in "empty and it tilts," and the four layers of meaning behind Zilu's question about holding fullness rather than guarding the mean, to the relation between the four "guardings" — meeting cleverness with foolishness, meeting merit with yielding — and virtue, and the cosmological argument and social extension of "dipping out and diminishing." Drawing together the *Analects*, *Mencius*, *Laozi*, *Zhuangzi*, the *Great Treatise*, the *Zuo Tradition*, and the *Discourses of the States*, this essay reveals how a wordless inscription came to carry the whole pre-Qin wisdom of fullness, emptiness, loss, and gain.

From historical origins, theoretical foundations, and the compass as core instrument, to the doctrines of Eight Mansions, Sanhe, Xuankong Flying Star, and other major schools—along with comparative case studies and inter-school debates—a panoramic survey of the principle-and-qi (liqi) tradition for advanced readers.

This essay offers an in-depth reading of the passage on 'the imagery of music' (sheng yue zhi xiang) in Xunzi's 'Discourse on Music,' elucidating how musical sounds embody character-qualities that correspond to heaven, earth, and the myriad things, and situating the discussion within Master Xun's Confucian vision of transforming human nature through ritual and music.

This article takes as its core text the 'Ox Mountain' chapter from the Gaozi section of the Mengzi, and draws upon a wide range of pre-Qin philosophical sources to analyze the argumentative structure for innate human goodness, the mechanisms by which external forces damage the heart-mind, and the philosophical foundations and cultivation methods of the theory of innate goodness.

A line-by-line exegesis of the second of the Seven Techniques in the *Basic Scripture of the Hidden Tally* section of the *Guiguzi* — 'Nurturing Aspiration, Modeled on the Sacred Tortoise.' Taking 'aspiration is the envoy of desire' as its diagnosis of pathology and 'when heart-qi is unified, desire no longer wanders' as its chain of cure, the essay draws on the *Book of Changes*, *Book of Documents*, *Book of Songs*, *Zuo Tradition*, *Analects*, *Laozi*, *Zhuangzi*, *Mencius*, *Guanzi*, and *Xunzi* to restore, within its Pre-Qin context, the original meaning of nurturing aspiration, understanding others, and the threefold virtue of the sacred tortoise.